A Review of Cooking Systems and Energy Efficiencies
Hesborn Rasugu Ayub,
Willis Jakanyango Ambusso,
Franklin Muriuki Manene,
Daudi Mongeri Nyaanga
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-7
Received:
23 February 2021
Accepted:
16 March 2021
Published:
22 March 2021
Abstract: Accessing affordable and reliable energy services for cooking is important in most developing countries. Improving access to affordable energy reduces effects on human health and environmental influences caused by burning of various biomasses. This review examines the energy resources available in the world and their use in cooking. It also looks at challenges and the ways these energy resources are used as well as possible solutions to such challenges. The major challenges facing the use of available fuels are low efficiencies, high cost, un-sustainability and indoor house pollution that affect many people. The paper has identified that the use of combustion-less cooking, the use of solar for cooking, hydrogen and electrical systems that improve cooking activities and therefore overcome indoor and environmental pollution. Research findings indicate that the pressure-cooking concept improves energy efficiencies in boiling operations. Other energy efficiency improvement techniques in cooking are insulation, containment of escaping steam while cooking and automating the cooking vessel with micro-controllers. The overall efficiencies for electrical induction heating, natural gas, traditional cooking stoves, fuel wood stoves and electrical resistive heating was found to be 90%, 45-60%, 10%, 23-40% and 75% respectively. Induction cooking is both faster and more efficient than gas cooking, while electrical energy systems as a whole were found to be the cleanest, offering ease of control and versatility. The combination of a micro-controller automated insulated pressure cooker and induction cooker can highly improve the cooking efficiency. This is done by cutting a power supply using a relay controlling an induction cooker and therefore preventing the exit of steam. It is therefore identified that zero emission release during cooking will reduce both indoor and environmental pollution significantly.
Abstract: Accessing affordable and reliable energy services for cooking is important in most developing countries. Improving access to affordable energy reduces effects on human health and environmental influences caused by burning of various biomasses. This review examines the energy resources available in the world and their use in cooking. It also looks a...
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Which Country Is the Largest Oil Producer in the World – the USA, Russia or Saudi Arabia: The Question of Measurement – What and How
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
8-18
Received:
11 January 2021
Accepted:
17 February 2021
Published:
26 March 2021
Abstract: Current and past statuses and dynamics of oil production and methods of oil measurements in different countries – under different temperatures and preassures – are considered and analyzed. The author uses methods of comparative and systematic analyses, which are implemented for assessing oil production in the USA, Saudi Arabia and Russia – the world’s leading oil producers – and globally (in the world’s context) in the past, currently and in the foreseeable future (throughout 2050). Crude oil and field (crude + lease NGLs) are considered. Oil developments in the USA, Saudi Arabia and Russia are analyzed separately with their main oil fields being covered. In the past a status of the world’s largest oil producer was taken in rotation by Russia and Saudi Arabia. Before 1992 the world supremacy in oil belonged to Russia but afterwards and until 2014 – mainly to Saudi Arabia. The article mainly concludes that now (since 2014) the USA produce more oil (crude oil + field condensate) than any other country of the world, even without accounting for indigenous biofuel liquids and mostly thanks to the massive tight-oil production.
Abstract: Current and past statuses and dynamics of oil production and methods of oil measurements in different countries – under different temperatures and preassures – are considered and analyzed. The author uses methods of comparative and systematic analyses, which are implemented for assessing oil production in the USA, Saudi Arabia and Russia – the worl...
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