Cogenerations of Energy from Sugar Factory Bagasse
Assefa Alena,
Omprakash Sahu
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2013
Pages:
22-29
Received:
23 April 2013
Published:
2 May 2013
Abstract: During sugar production, bagasse (waste) is produced which is used as energy resource in the sugar mill. Co-generation power plants using bagasse as the feedstock are attached to several sugar factories in Thailand. These produce steam and electricity for use in the sugar mills and also sell the excess power to the grid. Bagasse, being a by-product of sugar production as well as of biomass origin seems to be a suitable candidate for sustainable energy production. However the case is quite different in Shoa Sugar Factory, which suffers from lack of bagasse during stoppage of mill and as a matter of fact it is forced to cut trees of the surrounding to deliver it to its boilers during stoppage of mill. It is a crystal clear fact that cutting trees without replacement causes the desertification, which is currently the case in Shoa Sugar Factory. It is from this fact that the objectives of the research work emanate. The first part of the study deals with bagasse and its properties, this part of the study focuses on determining the quality and quantity of bagasse that has been used by the factory as a fuel for boilers with respect to the conventionally accepted standards. The outcome of the study indicates the bagasse produced by the factory fulfills all the requirements as a boiler fuel both in quality and quantity wise, during milling time and stoppage of mill without the supply of any additional fuel. The second part of the study focuses on the steam generation and utilization unit. The study conducted in the steam generation unit shows the steam generation unit (boilers) has very low efficiency (on average 56%) when compared to the minimum accepted efficiency of boiler that uses bagasse as a fuel (70 %). The low efficiency is manifested by large quantity of heat losses that should be transferred to steam. The investigation on the steam utilization unit shows it operates without problems. In general the outcome of the study proves that the low efficiency of the boiler resulted in shortage of surplus bagasse. The research output indicates existing surplus bagasse shortage can be solved by improving the efficiency of the steam generation unit. The proposed solutions to the problems are optimization of excess air supply in the combustion chambers, application of bagasse drying system, increasing the capacity of evaporators, efficient operations, maintenance of boilers and its accessories.
Abstract: During sugar production, bagasse (waste) is produced which is used as energy resource in the sugar mill. Co-generation power plants using bagasse as the feedstock are attached to several sugar factories in Thailand. These produce steam and electricity for use in the sugar mills and also sell the excess power to the grid. Bagasse, being a by-product...
Show More
Theoretical and Experimental Treatment of Gaseous Cementation of Iron
Tayeb CHIHI,
FATMI Messaoud
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2013
Pages:
30-36
Received:
10 April 2013
Published:
10 June 2013
Abstract: Mathematical model is developed for cementation of iron taking into account the diffusion of atomic carbon C through the γ phase. Analytical solutions are obtained assuming constant diffusion coefficients, firstly the analytical method proposed that test to control the process of gaseous cementation, controlled the technological parameters of the cementation such: time (t), temperature (T), initial concentration (Co), potential carbon or atmospheric concentration (Catm), and speed of the gas flow (xw), secondly to accelerate the process of the gaseous cementation. Finally the results are quantitatively compared with those obtained experimentally taking into account the micro hardness profile. In addition, it is shown that the layer cemented produced during cementation of iron can be predicted by the numerical simulation.
Abstract: Mathematical model is developed for cementation of iron taking into account the diffusion of atomic carbon C through the γ phase. Analytical solutions are obtained assuming constant diffusion coefficients, firstly the analytical method proposed that test to control the process of gaseous cementation, controlled the technological parameters of the c...
Show More
